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歇后语是汉语中一种比较独特但又普遍存在的表达形式。以前的歇后语研究主要关注歇后语的分类、来源等问题,对歇后语的形成机制、使用特点和认知功能鲜有论述。本文采用语料库统计和问卷调查的方式,对歇后语的歇后情况、使用意图和使用效果进行了研究,同时还应用认知语言学理论中的隐喻和转喻理论解释了歇后语的形成机制和结构特征进行了解释。本文发现:(a)歇后语有熟悉程度之分,有熟语化歇后语和临时歇后语之分。越不熟悉的(或临时的)歇后语越不能省掉后面部分。歇后语最重要的部分其实是后半部分,除非已经高度熟语化,其真实含义往往不能通过推理得到理解;(b)歇后语中的“歇后”部分往往是所使用的转喻和隐喻的依据,或称喻底,而非有些学者所认为的目标域;(c)50%以上的被调查者认为歇后语用得多与“幽默”和“聪明”等品质联系在一起;歇后语的使用与一般的隐喻和转喻不同,其认知功能已经弱化,主要是其社会功能。
Twisters is a more unique but ubiquitous form of expression in Chinese. Previous researches focused on the classification and source of the hyphenated language, and rarely discussed the forming mechanism, using characteristics and cognitive function of the hyphenated language. In this paper, corpus statistics and questionnaires are used to study the aftercourse situation, use intention and effect of the aftercourse study. At the same time, the theory of metaphor and metonymy in cognitive linguistics is used to explain the formation mechanism and structural features of the aftercourse. Explained. This article finds that: (a) later language has a familiar degree of subdivision, there are idioms and pessimistic afterglow. The more unfamiliar (or temporary) twisters can not save the back part. The most important part of the afterheartery is actually the latter part, unless it is highly alienated, its true meaning often can not be understood by reasoning; (b) The rest part of the later part is often the metonymy and metaphor used (C) More than 50% of the respondents think that the use of pause after school is much more related to such qualities as “humor” and “smartness”; (c) Unlike the usual metaphors and metonyms, the use of later language has its cognitive function weakened, mainly its social function.