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早在1896年就有人应用结核菌素治疗白血病,但未成功。在以后的半个世纪中,不少学者陆续在这方面进行试验研究,亦多无良效。直到最近十几年,随着免疫学的进展,肿瘤免疫学也得到较大的发展。目前已证明由病毒或化学致癌剂诱发的动物肿瘤存在特异性抗原,并已能应用免疫学方法成功地防止上述二类动物肿瘤。还有些报告人类白血病细胞具有抗原性,并且临床上白血病患者有长期存活及自发性缓解的现象。这些事实使人们对应用免疫方法治疗白血病更为重视。被动免疫治疗 1927年Lindstr(?)m曾治疗了10例慢性粒细胞性白血病(简称慢粒)患者,用的是白血病患者本人白细胞免疫羊或兔所得的血清,结果见5例末梢血象好转及脾和淋巴结缩小。De Carvalho(1963)采用经正常脾组织抗体吸收的急性白血病患者脾脏抗原提取物免疫马或
As early as 1896, tuberculin treatment of leukemia was used but was unsuccessful. In the coming half century, many scholars have conducted experimental studies in this area one after another. Until the last ten years, with the progress of immunology, tumor immunology has also been greatly developed. It has been demonstrated that there are specific antigens in animal tumors induced by viruses or chemical carcinogens and that immunological methods have been used to successfully prevent tumors of the above two groups of animals. Others report that human leukemia cells are antigenic, and that patients with clinical leukemia have long-term survival and spontaneous remission. These facts make people pay more attention to the application of immunization methods for the treatment of leukemia. Passive immunotherapy In 1927, Lindstr (?) M treated 10 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), leukemia patients using their leukocyte immune sheep or rabbit serum, the results of 5 cases of peripheral blood aspirations and Spleen and lymph nodes shrink. De Carvalho (1963) immunized with spleen antigen extract of patients with acute leukemia by normal spleen tissue antibodies