新生儿期脑室出血可能是婴儿脑积水的原因。脑室出血常见于早产儿及窒息后,但也可为新生儿血小板减少症的并发症。新生儿血小板减少可由于母体中存在抗胎儿血小板上父亲抗原的抗体(同族免疫新生儿血小板减少症简称AINT)。大多数AINT的病例,是由存在于98％的人群中的抗血小板特异抗原ZW~(?)(PI_(AL))的同族抗体引起的。而血小板减少症新生儿的母体中缺乏此抗原.典型病例表现为分娩头几小时内皮肤发生瘀点和瘀斑,持续几天至数周。最严重的并发症 Ventricular hemorrhage during neonatal period may be responsible for hydrocephalus in infants. Ventricular hemorrhage is common in preterm infants and after asphyxia, but can also be a complication of neonatal thrombocytopenia. Neonatal thrombocytopenia may result from the presence of antibodies to the parental antigens on fetal platelets in the mother (congenital immunization of neonatal thrombocytopenia referred to as AINT). Most cases of AINT are caused by the same antibody family of anti-platelet-specific antigens ZW ~ (?) (PI_ (AL)) present in 98% of the population. Thrombocytopenia neonates lack this antigen in their mothers, a typical case of petechia and ecchymosis occurring within the first few hours of delivery, lasting from days to weeks. The most serious complication