急性肺损伤(ALI)/成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是多种病因所致的一种急性呼吸衰竭。大量实验结果表明,核因子κB(NF-κB)在其发病机制中发挥关键性作用,调控多种炎性介质的表达,进而调节ALI/ARDS肺内炎性反应。现就NF-κB的结构、活化调节及其在ALI激活后的瀑布效应方面予以综述,探讨不同的干预治疗方法,以有效指导临床治疗。 Acute lung injury (ALI) / adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute respiratory failure caused by a variety of causes. Numerous experimental results show that NF-κB plays a key role in its pathogenesis, regulates the expression of a variety of inflammatory mediators, and then regulates the pulmonary inflammatory response in ALI / ARDS. The structure, activation regulation of NF-κB and its waterfall effect after ALI activation are reviewed. Different interventional treatment methods are discussed to effectively guide the clinical treatment.