本文较全面地介绍了乙型肝炎病毒X基因和X蛋白及它们的结构特点,并详细阐述了X基因的转录、翻译及其在病人和体外的表达;着重阐明了X蛋白的反式激活作用及目前对其作用机制的几种解释。此外,还对其生物学作用特别是致癌性上加以综述,最后提出了研究展望。 This article introduces the X gene and X protein of Hepatitis B virus and their structural features, and describes in detail the transcription and translation of X gene and its expression in patients and in vitro. It focuses on the transactivation of X protein. And there are several explanations for its mechanism of action. In addition, the biological effects, especially the carcinogenicity, were reviewed and the research prospects were put forward.