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丝黑穗病是一种由丝轴黑粉菌(Sphacelotheca reiliana(Kuhn)Clint)(Sporisorium reiliana(Kuhn)Langdon ＆ Fullerton)引起的玉米系统性病害(Zea mays L.)。在出苗或幼苗期,植物被土壤中的冬孢子所侵染。在某些受染幼苗上,有黄斑出现在新长出的第四和第五片叶子的中脉或叶片上。褪绿斑为园形至椭园形(直径约1—2毫米),每片叶的斑点数量不等,以三、四个至几百个(图1从略)。虽然在一般情况下,受侵染的植物可继续其正常的营养生长,但有时也会导致发育迟缓。最明显的标志是抽穗期雄穗和雌穗部分或全部地由充满冬孢子的孢子堆所取代。因此,要评价植物的抗病性,只有当植物长到抽穗期(90—100天)后,才能进行。
Head smut is a systemic corn disease (Zea mays L.) caused by Sphacelotheca reiliana (Kuhn) Clint (Sporisorium reiliana (Kuhn) Langdon & Fullerton). During the emergence or seedling stage, the plants are infected with teliospores in the soil. On some infected seedlings, macula appears on the midribs or leaves of the newly-growing fourth and fifth leaves. The chlorotic spots are round or elliptic (about 1-2 mm in diameter), and the number of spots per leaf ranges from three to four to several hundred (Figure 1 omitted). While in general, infected plants can continue their normal vegetative growth, they can sometimes lead to stunting. The most notable sign is that the tassels and ears are partially or completely replaced by spores filled with teliospores during the heading stage. Therefore, to evaluate the plant’s disease resistance, the plant can only be carried out after the plant has reached the heading stage (90-100 days).