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民间法理论根植于法律多元主义,而后者又是文化多元论的具体体现。18世纪初意大利法哲学家维柯的《新科学》为文化多元论乃至法律多元主义奠定了哲学基础。维柯在文化多元论视角中,不仅批判了以理性主义为核心的一元论,而且强调起源于习俗的法律,其本质是各民族的共同意识。尽管维柯的历史主义法学思想与产生于德国的历史法学思想极为相似,但是由于没有任何证据能证明维柯与孟德斯鸠、赫尔德、胡果和萨维尼之间存在着学术继承,因此只能认为维柯是历史主义法学的奠基人,而不能说他是历史法学派的创始人。
The theory of folk law is rooted in legal pluralism, and the latter is the embodiment of cultural pluralism. The new science of Italian legal philosopher Vico, the 18th century, laid the philosophical foundation for cultural pluralism and even legal pluralism. In the perspective of cultural pluralism, Vico not only criticizes the monism with rationalism as the core, but also emphasizes the law originated from custom, whose essence is the common consciousness of all ethnic groups. Although Vico’s historicist jurisprudence is very similar to the historical jurisprudence originated in Germany, there is no evidence that there is an academic inheritance between Vico and Montesquieu, Herder, Hugo and Savigny, Therefore, we can only consider Vico as the founder of the law of history and can not say that he is the founder of the school of history.