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针对常规土工模型试验只能满足几何相似而不能满足应力相似的问题,提出了利用顺坡渗流力和坡面法向加载产生的法向应力以满足坡积土模型试验中自重应力相似的一种模型试验方法。对于很小厚度的坡积土模型,通过施加顺坡向渗流力满足切向应力的近似等效,施加垂直坡面荷载实现法向附加应力的近似等效,从而通过切向和法向应力的叠加来满足坡积土模型和现场原型边坡的自重应力相似。通过数值分析比较了厚为30 cm坡积土模型与厚为3 m坡积土原型。计算结果表明:模型和原型的应力相似;模型和原型中的最大剪应变和剪应力水平在坡积体中的分布情况相似,数值误差在10%以内;数值分析结果验证了所建议方法的合理性和可行性。
Aiming at the problem that the conventional geotechnical model tests can only meet the geometric similarities and can not satisfy the stress similarities, the normal stress generated by the slope seepage force and normal load on the slope surface is proposed to satisfy the similar self-weight stress in the slope soil model test Model test method. For a very small thickness of the slope fill model, by applying an approximate equivalent of tangential to seepage flow to meet the tangential stress, applying a vertical slope load results in an approximately equivalent normal additional stress so that by tangential and normal stress Superimposed to meet the slope soil model and field prototype slope self-weight stress similar. The 30 cm thick slope soil model and the 3 m thick slope soil prototype were compared by numerical analysis. The calculated results show that the stress of the model is similar to that of the prototype. The distribution of the maximum shear strain and the shear stress in the model and the prototype is similar to that of the slope. The numerical error is within 10%. The numerical analysis proves the reasonableness of the proposed method Sexuality and feasibility.