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目的通过对出生后不同时期大鼠趾长伸肌（ＥＤＬ）和比目鱼肌（ＳＯＬ）运动神经元（Ｍｎ）群树突发育的研究，了解脊髓Ｍｎ嫌Ｇｏｌｇｉ树突在发育过程中的变化以及这两种不同功能特性Ｍｎ群所表现的差异，从而推断其功能解剖学意义。方法以霍乱毒素Ｂ亚单位结合辣根过氧化物酶（ＣＢ－ＨＲＰ）对ＥＤＬ－Ｍｎ和ＳＯＬ－Ｍｎ进行逆行追踪，显示两者的树突。结果以张力性活动方式为主的ＳＯＬ－Ｍｎ群生后一直具有丰富的嫌Ｇｏｌｇｉ树突，以位相性活动方式为主的ＥＤＬ－Ｍｎ群，在生后早期也具有较丰富的嫌Ｇｏｌｇｉ树突，但在成年后却明显减少，其面密度值仅是前者的一半。结论脊髓Ｍｎ嫌Ｇｏｌｇｉ树突与Ｍｎ的活动方式密切相关，嫌Ｇｏｌｇｉ树突参与调节脊髓Ｍｎ活动的“旁侧回路”，特别是对张力性慢肌Ｍｎ的调控。以上结果为Ｍｎ的“双重回路调控”即旁侧回路及核心回路假说进一步提供功能解剖学依据。
OBJECTIVE: To study the dendritic development of the motor neuron (Mn) population of EDL and SOL in rats at different stages after birth, The differences between the two different functional properties of Mn population inferred their functional anatomic significance. Methods The retrograde tracing of EDL-Mn and SOL-Mn using cholera toxin B subunit combined with horseradish peroxidase (CB-HRP) showed dendritic dendritic and dendritic splicing. Results The results showed that the SOL-Mn group, which is mainly composed of tension activity, had a rich background of Golgi dendrites. The EDL-Mn group dominated by the phase activity mode also had abundant Golgi dendrites in the early postnatal period, But decreased significantly after adulthood, with the areal density of only half of the former. Conclusions The Golgi dendrites in the spinal cord are closely related to the activity pattern of Mn. It is suspected that the Golgi dendrites participate in the regulation of the “side loop” of Mn activity in the spinal cord, especially the regulation of Mn in tension. The above results provide a functional anatomical basis for the “double loop regulation” of Mn, ie, the side loop and core loop hypothesis.