血流感染是一种严重的全身感染性疾病,血流感染的发病率较高,常导致患者死亡。据报道,美国每年有65万~75万人死于脓毒症。有学者通过对美国400家急诊中心的调查显示,约2.8%的急诊患者因怀疑存在血流感染而需要做血培养~([1]),血培养仍是目前诊断细菌性血流感染的金标准。阳性血培养可为临床提供病原学诊断的依据,血流感染初期的24 h内,若未能及时进行早期诊断以及合理的抗菌药物治疗将会导致患者存活率大大下降~([2])。由感染导致的 Bloodstream infection is a serious systemic infection that has a high prevalence of bloodstream infections and often leads to death. According to reports, 650,000 to 750,000 people die of sepsis each year in the United States. According to a survey conducted by 400 emergency centers in the United States, about 2.8% of emergency patients need blood culture due to the suspected presence of bloodstream infection ([1]). Blood culture is still the gold currently used to diagnose bacterial bloodstream infections standard. Positive blood culture can provide the basis for the clinical diagnosis of etiology. In the first 24 hours of bloodstream infection, failure to carry out early diagnosis and rational antibacterial drug treatment will lead to a significant decrease in the survival rate of patients (2). Caused by infection