一在《社会契约论》的开篇,卢梭说他既不是君主也不是立法者,因而他才要论述政治。(1)出于同样的原因,康德为了详述一个维护“永久和平”之国家联盟的哲学体系而倾注了晚年时光。康德常感叹现实政治脱离了实践理性,他其实十分蔑视“纯粹的法学家”(2)和“政治的道德家”(3)。对于他那个时代的政治家而言,正如他所说,(4)没有什么比这些格言更有指导意义了:(1)做了再说;(5) In the opening of “Social Contract Theory,” Rousseau said that he was neither a monarch nor a legislator, and therefore he had to talk about politics. (1) By the same token, Kant devoted his late years to a detailed account of the philosophical system of the coalition of nations that upheld “permanent peace.” Kant often lamented the reality of politics from the practical rationality, he is actually very contemptuous “pure jurist ” (2) and “political moral home ” (3). For the politicians of his time, as he said, (4) there is nothing more instructive than these aphorisms: (1) it is said again; (5)