近年来的研究显示,以谷氨酸为代表的兴奋性氨基酸在缺血性视网膜损伤等神经系统疾病病理中起关键作用。因谷氨酸代谢异常,过度释放和对突触后受体的高频刺激,引起了兴奋性神经毒性,导致神经元死亡。阐述了兴奋性氨基酸的体内分布、受体分类、生理功能及毒副作用,并进一步探讨了兴奋性氨基酸受体拮抗剂在眼科应用的发展前景。 Recent studies have shown that excitatory amino acids such as glutamate play a key role in the pathology of nervous system diseases such as ischemic retinal damage. Due to abnormal metabolism of glutamate, excessive release and high frequency stimulation of postsynaptic receptors, causing excitotoxicity, leading to neuronal death. The distribution of excitatory amino acids in vivo, receptor classification, physiological functions and toxicities and side effects were expounded, and the development prospects of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists in ophthalmology were further discussed.