目的通过对1例接种无细胞百白破疫苗后死亡案例分析,了解胸腺淋巴体质患儿接种疫苗后猝死的相关特征,探讨合理处置此类患儿因正常预防接种导致死亡的方法。方法事件发生后按相关条例进行处置,同时建议尸检,省、市预防接种异常反应小组联合专家进行鉴定。结果尸检结果符合胸腺淋巴体质的病理特点。鉴定意见为“符合胸腺淋巴体质在注射疫苗诱因的作用下而猝死”。结论胸腺淋巴体质是一种特异体质,诸多因素可引起突发死亡。本例患儿不能排除与无细胞百白破疫苗接种有关.。应加强相关知识的宣传教育,让家长有足够的认识,避免产生医患纠纷。相关卫生机构应与公安、司法等部门密切配合,保证接种异常反应事件发生后能得到合理的解决。 OBJECTIVE: To analyze the case of sudden death after vaccination in children with thymic lymphatic body disease by analyzing the death cases of one case of vaccination without cell bait bait, and to explore the method of treating these children due to the normal vaccination. Methods After the occurrence of the incident according to the relevant regulations for disposal, and also recommended autopsy, provincial and municipal immunization specialists in response to abnormal identification team. Results The autopsy results were in accordance with the pathological features of thymic lymphatic body. Appraisal of the opinion as “in line with thymus lymphoid physique in the role of the vaccine injection and sudden death ”. Conclusion Thymus lymphoid constitution is a specific constitution, many factors can cause sudden death. This case of children can not be ruled out with cell-free baibutong vaccination related. Publicity and education of relevant knowledge should be strengthened so that parents have enough knowledge to avoid disputes between doctors and patients. Relevant health institutions should work closely with the departments of public security and justice to ensure that the incident response to inoculation can be reasonably resolved.