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半导体纳米晶是近年来发展起来的一类新型功能材料,因其独特的量子限域效应和光电性质,在太阳电池、发光二极管、光电探测器、生物标记、非线性光学等领域中具有潜在的应用。与目前研究比较多的Ⅱ-Ⅵ和Ⅳ-Ⅵ族纳米晶相比,Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米晶,不含镉和铅等重金属元素,具有毒性小、带隙窄、光吸收系数大、Stokes位移大、自吸收小以及发光波长在近红外区等特点,有望成为新一代低成本太阳电池和低毒荧光量子点生物标记材料,还可用于发光二极管和光电探测等领域。因此,Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米晶的合成、性质及应用研究成为近期纳米晶研究领域的热点之一。本文将综述Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米晶的研究进展,着重介绍其制备方法、光学性质及其在生物标记、太阳电池等领域的应用。
Semiconductor nanocrystals are a new type of functional materials developed in recent years. Due to their unique quantum confinement effect and optoelectronic properties, semiconductor nanocrystals have potential applications in the fields of solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, biomarkers, and nonlinear optics application. Compared with the currently studied Ⅱ-Ⅵ and Ⅳ-Ⅵ nanocrystals, Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ semiconductor nanocrystals do not contain cadmium and lead and other heavy metal elements, with low toxicity, narrow bandgap, large optical absorption coefficient , Large Stokes shift, small self-absorption and emission wavelength in the near infrared region. It is expected to become a new generation of low-cost solar cell and low-toxicity fluorescent quantum dot biomarker materials, and can also be used in the fields of light-emitting diodes and photodetectors. Therefore, the synthesis, properties and application of Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ semiconductor nanocrystals have become one of the hot topics in recent nanocrystal field. This article reviews the research progress of Ⅰ-Ⅲ-Ⅵ semiconductor nanocrystals, focusing on their preparation methods, optical properties and their applications in biomarkers, solar cells and other fields.