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目的:比较桡骨头切除术与人工假体置换术治疗MasonⅢ型桡骨头骨折的效果。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年3月郑州骨科医院收治的60例MasonⅢ型桡骨头骨折患者的病例资料，其中34例实施人工假体置换术者纳入置换组，26例实施桡骨头切除术者纳入切除组。比较两组患者手术相关指标(手术时间、术中失血量)，视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分，肘关节功能(Broberg和Morrey评分)，肘关节屈曲、旋转度、提携角及并发症发生情况。结果:置换组手术时间为(52.35±2.07)min，少于切除组的(61.58±2.21)min，n P0.05)。两组患者术前及术后3、6个月VAS评分比较差异未见统计学意义(n P>0.05)；置换组患者术后14 d VAS评分为(4.07±1.05)分，低于切除组的(5.45±0.93)分(n P0.05). The 14-day postoperative VAS score in replacement group was 4.07±1.05, lower than the 5.45±0.93 in resection group (n P<0.05). The Broberg score and Morrey score in replacement group were higher than those in resection group 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after surgery (n P<0.05). The elbow joint flexion, elbow joint pronation, and elbow joint supination in replacement group were greater than those in resection group, and the increase in elbow joint carrying angle was smaller than that in resection group 12 months after surgery (n P<0.05). The incidence of complications in replacement group (5.88%, 2/34) was lower than that in resection group (38.46%, 10/26),n P<0.05.n Conclusions:Compared with radial head resection, artificial prosthesis replacement in the treatment of Mason Ⅲ radial head fractures has milder postoperative pain, better recovery of elbow joint mobility, and fewer complications.