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社会个体是健康责任共同体中最基本的责任主体,健康自我控制是社会控制的基础。历史地看,古代东西方社会的生命伦理信念将人的健康与德性联系在一起,从而赋予个体健康责任一种道德意义。近代西文基督教道德模式或世俗、严格的责任道德模式,同样基于生命神圣与人之尊严的伦理信念,使保护健康成为个体的绝对责任。现代社会基于伦理分析与医学事实判断,一如继往地强调个体健康责任,认为它不可为社会或国家健康责任所替代。但当今的个体健康责任只是一种有限而非绝对的责任,它的履行及效果很大程度上取决于个人的、社会的和环境的条件。
Social individual is the most basic responsibility body in the community of healthy responsibility, and self-control of health is the foundation of social control. Historically, the bioethical beliefs in ancient Eastern and Western societies have linked human health with virtue, giving the individual an ethical responsibility for health. Modern Western Christian ethical model or secular, strict moral model of responsibility, also based on the ethical conviction of the sacredness of life and human dignity, so that the protection of health as the absolute responsibility of the individual. Modern society, based on ethical analysis and medical judgment, emphasizes the responsibility of individual health as always, believing it can not be replaced by social or state responsibility for health. However, the responsibility of individual health today is only a limited but not absolute responsibility. Its performance and effectiveness depend largely on personal, social and environmental conditions.