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目的分析深圳市南山区2006—2014年麻疹流行特征和麻疹发病的影响因素,探讨控制和消除麻疹的策略。方法应用描述性流行病学方法分析麻疹流行特征及控制策略的实施效果,并通过病例对照研究对南山区全人群进行麻疹发病影响因素分析。结果深圳市南山区2006—2014年共报告流行性麻疹1 304例,年平均发病率13.89/10万,从2008年起发病率呈明显下降趋势,发病高峰期为4—8月份,病例以3岁以下儿童和15岁以上人群为主,分别占54.68%和36.81%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,疫苗接种史(OR=0.122,95%CI:0.003~0.785)是麻疹发病的保护因素,医院接触史(OR=1.102,95%CI:1.016~1.196)是麻疹发病的危险因素。结论实施含麻疹成分疫苗强化免疫工作能将麻疹发病率迅速降较低水平,相关部门需加强对控制成人麻疹的相关策略研究。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles and the influencing factors of measles in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City from 2006 to 2014 and to explore the strategies of controlling and eliminating measles. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles and the implementation of control strategies. Factors influencing the incidence of measles in the whole population of Nanshan were analyzed by case-control study. Results A total of 1 304 measles cases were reported in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City from 2006 to 2014, with an average annual incidence of 13.89 / 100 000. The incidence rate showed a significant decrease from 2008 onwards. The peak incidence period was from April to August, with 3 Children aged below 15 and over dominated, accounting for 54.68% and 36.81% respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the history of vaccination (OR = 0.122, 95% CI: 0.003-0.785) was the protective factor of measles. The history of hospital contact (OR = 1.102,95% CI: 1.016-1.1966) Risk factors. Conclusion The implementation of measles-containing vaccine to strengthen the work of immunization can measles rapid decline in the incidence of low levels, the relevant departments need to strengthen the control of adult measles related strategies.