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最近研究发现,胰岛素对胰岛β细胞生长和功能起重要调节作用。在肥胖伴胰岛素抵抗(IR)的2型糖尿病(T2DM)模型中,β细胞上胰岛素信号通路的缺陷与β细胞凋亡的增加和糖尿病的发生相关。利用基因敲除技术,在小鼠模型的研究进一步证实,β细胞上的胰岛素信号通路在介导胰岛素维持适当的β细胞质量及β细胞胰岛素合成方面均起主要作用。由于发生IR的患者常伴有代偿性的高胰岛素血症,所以在β细胞的IR可能是引起胰岛素信号通路下降和β细胞死亡速度加快的主要原因。可以推测,通过提高β细胞的胰岛素反应性来改善胰岛内的胰岛素作用将有可能预防或者治疗T2DM。
Recent studies have found that insulin plays a regulatory role in pancreatic β cell growth and function. In the obese model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with insulin resistance (IR), defects in the insulin signaling pathways in beta cells are associated with increased beta-cell apoptosis and the development of diabetes. The use of knockout technology in mouse models further confirms that the insulin signaling pathway on β cells plays a major role in mediating insulin’s maintenance of proper β-cell mass and β-cell insulin synthesis. Because patients with IR are often accompanied by compensatory hyperinsulinemia, IR in beta cells may be a major cause of decreased insulin signaling and accelerated beta-cell death. It can be speculated that it would be possible to prevent or treat T2DM by improving the insulin action in the islets by increasing the insulin responsiveness of the beta cells.