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AIM: To analyze the expression levels of soluble form of CD95, CD95 ligand (sCD95 and sCD95L, respectively) in plasma and CD95 expression on CD3+ cells in livertransplanted recipients with acute rejection (AR).METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)were isolated from 30 clinically liver transplanted recipients.CD95 expression on CD3+ cells was quantitatively measured by two-color fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS)analysis. Lymphocyte surface phenotypes of CD4, CD8,CD16 and CD55 were determined by flow cytometry.Plasma levels of sCD95 and sCD95L were detected byEnzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The results were compared with that from normal healthy volunteers (n = 15 individuals).RESULTS: FACS analysis showed that CD95 expression on CD3+ T cells was significantly increased in liver transplanted recipients with AR compared to that in stable recipients without rejection and infection or healthy individuals who did not undergo transplantation (18 676.93±11 588.34/molecule,6 848.20±1712.96/molecule, 6 418.01±2 001.95/molecule,respectively, P＜0.01). Whereas no significant difference was seen between liver-transplanted stable recipients and healthy individuals. Furthermore, no significant differences were detected between each group with CD4/CD8 ratio or the percentage of CD16+56+ cells. Plasma levels of sCD95were significantly higher in transplanted recipients with AR compered to that in stable recipients or healthy individuals (391.88±196.00, 201.37±30.30, 148.83±58.25 pg/mL,respectively, P＜0.01). In contrast, the plasma levels ofsCD95L in liver- transplanted recipients were not significantlydifferent from that in healthy individuals.CONCLUSION: The present results indicate that the increased CD95 expression on CD3+ cells and the increased levels of sCD95 in plasma may modify the immunological situation of the recipients after transplantation or represent the ongoing graft rejection.