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随着火箭运载能力、卫星工作寿命和深空探测器任务复杂度的不断提高,液体推进剂占航天器总质量的比重也不断增加.液体推进剂的晃动影响着航天器的运动稳定性和姿轨控系统的可靠性,是航天器动力学中一个备受关注的问题.充液航天器中晃动的液体是一个分布参数系统,理论上是无穷维的,而工程上希望建立的数学模型是简单、低维的,因此对液体晃动等效力学模型的研究经久不衰.另外,液体推进剂对航天器的结构动特性有着重要的影响,在建立充液航天器的结构动力学模型时需要考虑液体推进剂与贮箱等结构的耦合效应.本文首先结合液体晃动动力学理论和航天工程实际,从理论研究、数值研究和实验研究等三个方面综述了国内外在充液航天器液体晃动动力学领域的研究现状,并以此为基础介绍了航天工程中液体晃动等效力学模型的应用进展情况;然后,以液体运载火箭为例概述了国内外在充液航天器液固耦合建模方面的成果,介绍了求解液固耦合问题的数值方法和应用软件;最后,根据航天器工程的发展需求,对充液航天器液体晃动和液固耦合动力学的进一步研究方向提出了一些建议.
With the rocket carrying capacity, the working life of satellites and the complexity of the missions of deep space probes increasing, the proportion of liquid propellant to the total mass of spacecraft has also been increasing. The sloshing of liquid propellants affects the stability and attitude of the spacecraft The reliability of orbit control system is one of the most concerned issues in spacecraft dynamics.The liquid sloshing in liquid-filled spacecraft is a distributed parameter system theoretically infinite dimension, and the mathematical model that the project hopes to establish is Simple and low-dimensional, so the research on the equivalent mechanical model of liquid sloshing has been enduring.Furthermore, liquid propellants have an important influence on the structural dynamic characteristics of the spacecraft, and it is necessary to establish the structural dynamics model of liquid-filled spacecraft Considering the coupling effect between liquid propellant and tank structure, this paper first summarizes the liquid sloshing behavior of liquid-filled spacecraft at home and abroad from three aspects: theoretical study, numerical study and experimental study, combining the theory of liquid sloshing dynamics and the actual aerospace engineering Dynamics field of the status quo, and based on this introduced aerospace engineering in the liquid sloshing equivalent mechanical model of the application progress; then, Liquid carrier rocket as an example, the achievements of liquid-solid coupling modeling of liquid-filled spacecraft at home and abroad are summarized. Numerical methods and application software for solving liquid-solid coupling problems are introduced. Finally, according to the development of spacecraft project, Spacecraft liquid sloshing and liquid-solid coupling kinetics further research direction put forward some suggestions.