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前列腺素及白三烯是花生四烯酸在两种酶系统催化下所生成的两类衍生物,环氧合酶合成前列腺素,前列环素及血栓烷A_2,这些化合物都具促炎及抗炎特性。脂氧合酶合成花生四烯酸的羟酸衍生物,其中LTB_4是最强有力的趋化因子,LTC_4,LTD_4及LTE_4是支气管收缩及血管壁通透性增高因子。有一些药物能降低这些化合物的生成或抑制其作用。十五年来对参与炎症反应中脂类介质的研究取得了很大进展,这些介质中绝大部分与花生四烯酸的衍生物有关,并分为两大类,即由两种不同的酶系统所形成的前列腺素与白三烯。
Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are two types of derivatives produced by arachidonic acid catalyzed by two enzyme systems. Cyclooxygenase synthesizes prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane A 2, and these compounds are both proinflammatory and anti Inflammatory properties. Lipoxygenase synthesis of arachidonic acid hydroxy acid derivatives, including LTB_4 is the most powerful chemotactic factor, LTC_4, LTD_4 and LTE_4 bronchoconstriction and increased vascular wall permeability factor. Some drugs can reduce the production of these compounds or inhibit their effects. Much progress has been made over the past fifteen years in the study of lipid mediators involved in the inflammatory response. The vast majority of these mediators are related to arachidonic acid derivatives and fall into two broad categories, namely, two distinct enzyme systems The formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.