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卫星被动跟踪技术对于空间监视系统非常重要,为提高非合作跟踪模式下空间低轨卫星(LEO)的跟踪精度,提出一种基于扩展卡尔曼粒子滤波(EKPF)的仅测角卫星被动跟踪算法。首先,在卫星二体运动下,以地球惯性直角坐标系为基础,对卫星运动状态方程的二阶线性化、状态方程和测量方程的雅可比矩阵进行了详细推导。其次,利用二阶扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)产生粒子滤波(PF)的建议分布,并将EKPF应用到低轨卫星跟踪。最后,通过STK6.0仿真场景产生的数据对EKPF算法和扩展卡尔曼滤波算法的跟踪性能进行了对比分析和验证。仿真结果表明,该算法可以实现单颗高轨卫星通过仅测角对圆轨道的低轨卫星进行跟踪,且跟踪精度优于EKF算法。
Satellite passive tracking technology is very important for space surveillance system. To improve the tracking accuracy of space low-Earth orbit (LEO) in non-cooperative tracking mode, an angular tracking satellite-only passive tracking algorithm based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKPF) is proposed. First of all, based on the Earth’s inertial rectangular coordinate system, the second-order linearization of the equation of state of the satellite, the equation of state and the Jacobian matrix of the measurement equation are deduced in detail. Secondly, the proposed distribution of particle filter (PF) using second-order extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed, and EKPF is applied to LEO satellite tracking. Finally, the tracking performance of the EKPF algorithm and the extended Kalman filter algorithm is analyzed and verified through the data generated by the STK6.0 simulation scenario. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can track a single high-orbit satellite by using only the angular measurement of the low-orbiting satellite, and the tracking accuracy is better than that of the EKF algorithm.