前苏联自1961年起通过发射16艘载人飞船,于1971年形成了以“礼炮”-1号空间站为运输对象、以载人飞船为运输手段的载人航天系统;在发射了5个“礼炮”号试验性空间站和18艘载人飞船后,于1978年后形成了以“礼炮”,5、6号空间站为中心,以载人飞船和无人货船为运输手段的更为完善的载人航天体系。在1978年后至1985年期间为“礼炮”-6、7号空间站的运行,发射了27艘载人飞船和25艘无人货船。1986年2月开始组建以“和平”号为核心舱的永久载人空间站,以获取更大的空间军事优势和经济效益。目前,“和平”号空间站设施已日趋老化,其后继型号“和平”-2号空间站已难以研制和发射。1993年俄罗斯正式向美国提出参加 The former Soviet Union launched the launch of 16 manned spacecraft from 1961, and in 1971, it formed a manned space system using “Salute” -1 space station as its transport object and manned spacecraft as its means of transport. After launching five “ Salute ”experimental space station and 18 manned spacecraft, after 1978 formed a“ salute ”, 5,6 space station as the center, manned spacecraft and unmanned cargo for transport means a more complete set contains People’s space system. During the period from 1978 to 1985, for the operation of the “Salute” -6 and 7 space stations, 27 manned spacecraft and 25 unmanned vessels were launched. In February 1986, the permanent manned space station with the “Peace” code as the core module was started to acquire more space military advantages and economic benefits. Currently, the facilities of the “Peace” space station have become increasingly aging. Its successor model “Peace” - 2 space station has been difficult to develop and launch. In 1993, Russia formally submitted its participation to the United States