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新材料是固体推进剂发展的基础。其中,新型含能材料以及燃烧催化剂的研发对于改善固体推进剂的性能具有重要的意义。系统介绍了金属有机框架化合物(MOFs)在多相催化以及高能化方面的进展。指出MOFs在催化烷烃、烯烃、醇等有机物以及CO的氧化反应方面具有较高的活性,具备催化推进剂燃烧反应的能力。MOFs在推进剂燃烧过程中原位生成的金属氧化物也可促进推进剂燃烧。引入高含氮量的配体可获得优异能量性能和安全性能的MOFs,改变含能配体的成分、结构及与金属离子的配位方式可调节其能量性能。认为,设计并合成可用于固体推进剂燃烧的高效MOFs催化剂,探讨其在推进剂燃烧过程中的反应机理,揭示其含能基团的成分、结构及与金属离子的配位方式对含能MOFs能量性能的影响等是今后研究重点。
New materials are the basis for the development of solid propellants. Among them, the development of new energetic materials and combustion catalysts is of great significance for improving the performance of solid propellants. The progress of heterogeneous catalysis and energy conversion of MOFs was systematically introduced. It is pointed out that MOFs have higher activity in catalyzing the oxidation of organic compounds such as alkanes, alkenes, alcohols and CO, and have the ability to catalyze the combustion reaction of propellants. MOFs Metal oxides formed in situ during propellant combustion can also promote propellant combustion. The introduction of high nitrogen content of the ligand to obtain excellent energy performance and safety of the MOFs, changing the composition of the energy containing ligands, and coordination with the metal ions can adjust its energy performance. It is considered that an efficient MOFs catalyst can be designed and synthesized for the combustion of solid propellants and its reaction mechanism during the combustion of propellants is explored. The composition and structure of the energetic groups and the coordination modes with metal ions are discussed. The impact of energy performance is the focus of future research.