论文部分内容阅读
新洲县小麦常年种植面积38万亩左右,其中棉麦二熟套种面积34万亩。随着小麦产量的提高,物化投入的增加,倒伏问题愈来愈突出。 从历年小麦产量看,小麦倒伏面积愈大,产量愈低(表1)。 小麦倒伏后带来的危害很大,其一,小麦植株受光条件恶化,一部分叶片枯死,与未倒伏的小麦比较,单株绿叶少1.71片;另一部分叶片由于相互之间荫蔽、光照不足,有机物质积累减少。同时因倒伏,部分茎秆折伤养分不能顺利向穗部输送,导致千粒重严重下降。据我县近几年的对比调查,小麦严重倒伏的千粒重只有31.3克,比未倒伏的小麦低4.5克。每亩减产40.3公斤,减产15.9％。其二,由于小麦倒伏后防治病虫不易操作,田间喷农药操作困难,难以有效地防治病虫害;同时因倒伏荫蔽,田间湿度大,病虫害发生严重,赤霉病比未倒伏小麦株发病率高11％,造成小麦减产。其三,影响后茬作物高产,造成棉花生长发育慢,滞长、迟发、缺苗严重,不利棉花稳产高产,亩减产一至二成,难以达到全年高产,季季丰收的目的。
Xinzhou County, perennial wheat planting area of about 38 acres, of which cotton and wheat double cropping area of 340,000 mu. With the increase of wheat yield and the increase of materialization, the problem of lodging is more and more prominent. From the calendar year wheat production, the larger the wheat lodging area, the lower the yield (Table 1). The lodging of wheat caused great harm. First, the deterioration of the light-receiving conditions of wheat plants, part of the leaves withered, compared with the non-lodging of wheat, less green leaves per plant 1.71; the other part of the leaves due to mutual shade, lack of light, organic Less material accumulation. At the same time due to lodging, part of the stalk injury nutrients can not be successfully transported to the spike, resulting in a serious decline in grain weight. According to our county in recent years, a comparative survey of wheat serious lodging thousand grain weight is only 31.3 grams, 4.5 kilograms lower than the unbleached wheat. 40.3 kg per mu, cut 15.9%. Second, due to the pest control after the lodging of wheat is not easy to operate, spraying pesticides in the field difficult to operate, it is difficult to effectively control pests and diseases; the same time due to lodging shade, field humidity, pests and diseases seriously, scab disease than non-lodging wheat strains 11 %, Resulting in wheat yield reduction. Third, affecting the crop yield after the crop, resulting in slow growth and development of cotton, sluggish, late, lack of seedlings serious, unfavorable cotton stable yield high yield of 1-2 mu, it is difficult to achieve full-year high yield, seasonal harvest.