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阐释学翻译理论告诉我们,翻译不可避免地要借助阐释。译者既是原文的读者,也是阐释者,而且是至关重要的阐释者。翻译中的阐释既是译者对原文在理解基础上作出的评判、解释,也是他在用译语表达之前所经历的心理历程。理解是阐释的前提,而“阐释是以我们的先有、先见、先把握为基础的”(张隆溪,1986:193)。这些“先有”、“先见”、“先把握”也叫“先结构”。译者的“先结构”包括两个方面:一是受环境的影响和历史文化的薰陶而形成的“预设”(presupposition),二是阅读原文时临时形成的“移情”(empathy)。在翻译过程中,译者的阐释总要受到这些因素的影响,使译文染上“自己”的色彩。例如:
Hermeneutic translation theory tells us that translation inevitably draws on interpretation. The translator is both a reader and an interpreter of the original text, and is a crucial interpreter. The interpretation in translation is not only the translator’s judgment and explanation on the basis of understanding of the original text but also the psychological course he experienced before he expresses it in the target language. Understanding is the premise of interpretation, and “interpretation is based on our prior, seer, first grasp” (Zhang Longxi, 1986: 193). These “first”, “foresight”, “first grasp” is also called “first structure.” The “pre-structure” of the translator includes two aspects: one is the “presupposition” formed by the influence of the environment and the history and culture, and the other is the “empathy” that is formed temporarily when reading the original text. . In the process of translation, the translator’s interpretations are always influenced by these factors, rendering the translation “self”. E.g: