破伤风是战伤的严重并发症,死亡率高达20～50%。破伤风是破伤风杆菌经伤口侵入人体所致。破伤风杆菌是一种专性厌氧菌,广泛存在于土壤、动物和人的粪便中。当子弹或弹片穿通人体组织时可将污物带入伤道内;空腔暂时产生的负压也可将污物吸入伤道内。这些污物中很可能就有破伤风杆菌。加之,在深部伤道内的无氧状态,坏死组织、异物、死腔和需氧菌的存在,以及局部组织 Tetanus is a serious complication of war wounded, with a mortality rate of 20-50%. Tetanus is caused by tetanus toxins invaded by the wound. Clostridium tetani is a obligate anaerobe widely found in soil, animals and human excrement. When the bullet or shrapnel through the human body tissue can be contaminated into the wound; cavity temporary negative pressure can also be inhaled dirt into the wound. Clostridium tetani is likely to be found in these contaminants. In addition, anaerobic conditions in deep wounds, the presence of necrotic tissue, foreign bodies, dead space and aerobic bacteria, as well as local tissue