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一、引言语义学批评形成于20世纪20年代,其主要代表人物为英国文艺理论家瑞恰兹。语义学批评带有鲜明的实证主义和心理学倾向,它受到了逻辑实证主义哲学的深刻影响。语义学批评把文学艺术中使用的语言与科学中使用的语言严格区分开来,把语义分析作为文学批评的最基本手段。另一方面,语义学批评又深受20世纪心理学发展的深刻影响,在艺术鉴赏、艺术价值等问题上,语义学批评都试图在心理学的基础上予以解释。语义学批评对西方文论以及中国的文学学术研究产生了深刻的影响。尤其是新批评派,其基本方法论和不少观点都来自语义学批评。
I. INTRODUCTION Semantic criticism was formed in the 1920s. Its main representative is Rechauze, a British literary theorist. Semantic criticism has a distinct positivism and psychological tendency, which is deeply influenced by the philosophy of logical positivism. Semantic criticism strictly distinguishes the language used in literature and art from the language used in science and regards semantic analysis as the most basic means of literary criticism. On the other hand, semantic criticism is profoundly influenced by the development of psychology in the 20th century. On the issues of artistic appreciation and artistic value, semantic criticism tries to explain it on the basis of psychology. Semantic criticism has had a profound impact on Western literary theory and Chinese academic research on literature. Especially the new critics, the basic methodology and many ideas come from semantic criticism.