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目的了解妇幼保健机构医院感染发生状况、危险因素及抗菌药物使用情况,为预防与控制医院感染提供依据。方法按现患率调查方法,2010-2012年每年抽取1 d 0~24时全部住院患者,调查医院感染及抗菌药物使用情况,并对调查资料进行统计分析。结果 2010-2012年医院感染现患率分别为2.0%、2.9%、2.9%,3年医院感染现患率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.7294,P>0.05),感染发生主要的科室为儿外科与儿科系统,感染部位以下呼吸道、胃肠道及产褥(术后)病为主,占54.55%。3年抗菌药物使用率分别为70.2%、44.8%、46.8%;手术病例抗菌药物使用率由100%降至81.9%;Ⅰ类清洁手术抗菌药物使用率由100%降至16.5%;术前2 h内使用抗菌药物使用比例由50.8%升至98.3%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2010-2012年该院医院感染现患率保持常态趋势,抗菌药物使用管理效果显著,但应加强对医院感染高危科室的监控,抗菌药物管理效果的巩固也显得尤为重要。
Objective To understand the occurrence and risk factors of nosocomial infections in maternal and child health care institutions and the use of antibacterials, and to provide basis for prevention and control of nosocomial infections. Methods According to the prevalence rate survey method, all inpatients from 0 to 24 hours a day were enrolled in this study from 2010 to 2012 to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections and antibacterials use, and to make statistical analysis of the survey data. Results The prevalence rates of nosocomial infections from 2010 to 2012 were 2.0%, 2.9% and 2.9% respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of nosocomial infections in 3 years (χ2 = 0.7294, P> 0.05) Surgical and pediatric systems, the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract and puerperal (postoperative) diseases were the most common, accounting for 54.55%. 3 years of antibacterial drug use rates were 70.2%, 44.8%, 46.8%; surgical cases of antibacterials utilization decreased from 100% to 81.9%; Class I clean surgical antibacterials utilization decreased from 100% to 16.5%; preoperative 2 The use of antibacterials in the proportion of h increased from 50.8% to 98.3%, the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of nosocomial infections in this hospital from 2010 to 2012 has maintained the normal trend, and the administration of antimicrobial agents has achieved remarkable results. However, monitoring of high-risk departments of nosocomial infections should be strengthened and consolidation of antimicrobial agents management is even more important.