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[目的]探讨铅作业工人遗传损伤与相关基因启动子区域甲基化的情况。[方法]采用胞质分裂阻滞微核试验评估44名铅作业工人和50名非铅作业对照组工人染色体损伤水平,应用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应检测δ-氨基-γ-酮戊酸脱水酶(ALAD)、O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶(MGMT)、乳腺癌易感基因(BRCA1)3个基因的启动子区域甲基化水平。[结果]铅接触组微核率[(6.9±2.9)‰]明显高于对照组[(2.8±1.9)‰],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);铅接触组ALAD、BRCA1基因甲基化阳性率(分别为27%、80%)明显高于对照组(分别为6%、34%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),OR分别为5.88、7.55;铅接触组ALAD、MGMT、BRCA1 3个基因中,甲基化组微核率[分别为(8.5±2.2)‰、(7.5±2.4)‰、(7.4±2.8)‰]明显高于非甲基化组[分别为(6.3±3.0)‰、(5.3±3.6)‰、(4.8±2.8)‰],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),率比分别为1.34、1.42、1.55。[结论]铅接触能致作业工人染色体损伤。铅作业工人中ALAD、MGMT、BRCA1 3个基因发生甲基化者的染色体损伤明显高于非甲基化者,提示上述基因的高甲基化状态与铅所致染色体损伤有关。
[Objective] To investigate the genetic damage of lead workers and the methylation of promoter region of related genes. [Methods] Cytokinesis of micronucleus test was used to assess the level of chromosome damage in 44 lead workers and 50 non-lead workers. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to detect δ-amino-γ-keto (ALAD), O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1) promoter region methylation levels. [Results] The micronucleus rate of lead exposure group [(6.9 ± 2.9) ‰] was significantly higher than that of control group [(2.8 ± 1.9) ‰], the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001) The positive rates of ALT (27% and 80%, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the control group (6% and 34% respectively) (P <0.05) , MGMT and BRCA1 were significantly higher than those in non-methylated group [(8.5 ± 2.2) ‰, (7.5 ± 2.4) ‰, (7.4 ± 2.8) ‰] (6.3 ± 3.0) ‰, (5.3 ± 3.6) ‰ and (4.8 ± 2.8) ‰, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (P <0.05), with rates of 1.34, 1.42 and 1.55 respectively. [Conclusion] Lead exposure can cause chromosome damage in workers. The chromosomal damage of methylated ALAD, MGMT and BRCA1 in lead workers was significantly higher than that in non-methylated ones, which suggested that the hypermethylation status of these genes was related to lead-induced chromosomal damage.