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目的调查评估江苏省常州市武进区高血压病患者自我管理效能,并探讨其与血压控制之间的关系。方法研究对象来自于全区慢性病自我管理项目参与者,进行统一的问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。结果共计调查高血压患者456人,平均年龄65.68±9.41岁,男性233(51.10%)人。血压正常组216(47.37%)人,血压异常组240(52.63%)人;血压正常组的症状管理效能(7.35±2.13分)和疾病共性管理效能(6.63±2.64分)均高于血压异常组(6.63±2.64和6.98±2.53分),差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);血压正常组的认知症状管理(1.41±0.95分)和与医生沟通(2.49±1.06分)均高于血压异常组(1.13±0.92和2.10±1.27分),差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,症状管理效能(OR=0.877,95%CI:0.781~0.986,P=0.028)、疾病共性管理效能(OR=0.885,95%CI:0.784~0.999,P=0.048)、认知症状管理(OR=0.671,95%CI:0.489~0.919,P=0.013)和与医生沟通(OR=0.706,95%CI:0.555~0.900,P=0.005)均为血压控制的保护因素。结论高血压患者自我管理效能与血压控制间存在关联,提高自我效能和自我管理行为,可以更好控制血压。
Objective To investigate the self-management efficacy of hypertensive patients in Wujin District, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, and to explore its relationship with blood pressure control. Methods The subjects were from the participants of the self-management of chronic diseases in the whole region and conducted a unified questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests. Results A total of 456 hypertensive patients were surveyed, with an average age of 65.68 ± 9.41 years and 233 (51.10%) men. 216 (47.37%) patients with normotensive group and 240 (52.63%) patients with normotensive group had higher symptom management (7.35 ± 2.13) and common disease management (6.63 ± 2.64) than those with normotensive group (6.63 ± 2.64 and 6.98 ± 2.53), the difference was statistically significant (all P <0.05). The cognitive symptoms management (1.41 ± 0.95 points) and communication with doctors (2.49 ± 1.06 points) (1.13 ± 0.92 and 2.10 ± 1.27), the difference was statistically significant (all P <0.05) .Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the efficacy of symptom management (OR = 0.877, 95% CI: 0.781-0.986, P = 0.028), common disease management (OR = 0.885, 95% CI: 0.784-0.9999, P = 0.048), and cognitive symptom management (OR = 0.671, 95% CI: 0.489-0.919, P = 0.013) Doctor communication (OR = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.555-0.900, P = 0.005) were all protective factors of blood pressure control. Conclusion There is a correlation between self-management efficacy and control of blood pressure in hypertensive patients, which can improve self-efficacy and self-management behaviors and control blood pressure better.