估算要有灵活运用所学知识的能力,它不要求解答者作精确的数字计算和严格的推导.物理学中有很多需要估计数量级的问题,核物理、天体物理方面有了数量级的正确估计,就可以进一步指导学科的探索工作,估算方法不能不作为物理学工作者的一种能力.但我们在教学中这方面的训练很少,学生往往习惯于严密的推导和准确的计算,甚至有时还没有进行合理的分析,还没有确立正确的物理模型,就似是而非地列出一个个式子大篇幅地演绎推理起来,岂不浪费了很多时间和精力!这里并不是说推理和计算不重要,而是在于有些问题根本不需要而且不可能作出精确的计算. The estimate must have the ability to flexibly use the learned knowledge. It does not require the solver to make accurate numerical calculations and rigorous derivation. There are many questions in physics that need to be estimated in order of magnitude, and there are order-of-magnitude estimates for nuclear physics and astrophysics. It is possible to further guide the exploration of disciplines. The estimation method must not be used as a capability for physicists. However, we have very little training in this field. Students are often used to rigorous derivation and accurate calculations, and sometimes even Without proper analysis, the correct physical model has not yet been established. It is not just a matter of listing a large number of deductive reasonings. It does not waste a lot of time and effort! This is not to say that reasoning and calculation are not important. The reason is that some problems do not need at all and it is impossible to make accurate calculations.