一、导言80年代初,中国的经济发生了十分迅速的变化。这种变化超越了任何观察家在1976年所能想象得到的情景。例如,这种变化包括:农业生产责任制的推行,新的责任制主要是将土地重新分配给以家庭为单位的个体农户耕种,允许他们向公社交纳一定数量的产品后,在集市上销售自己的产品;对国营企业实行改革,给经营者在产品产量,原材料来源及利用留存利润进行投资和分配等方面一定的自主 I. Introduction In the early 1980s, China’s economy underwent a very rapid change. This change goes beyond what any observer could imagine in 1976. These changes include, for example, the implementation of the system of accountability for agricultural production, which mainly reallocates land to individual households with family units, allowing them to sell a certain quantity of products to the commune and selling them at the market Own products; the reform of state-owned enterprises, to the operators in the production of raw materials, use of retained profits and sources of investment and distribution of a certain degree of autonomy