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原油中重质组分沥青质和胶质导致原油生产中出现许多严重问题,包括油层、油井和输油管线设备中有机沉积物的形成,大大增加了生产作业成本。原油中沥青质性状复杂并随温度、压力和原油组分的变化而变化,在生产过程中,会导致沥青质组分沉积。解决方法有机械清除沉积物、溶剂冲洗以及用分散剂处理。可溶性两性油的应用为沉积物处理提供了最经济实用的解决方法。本研究采用三种巴西原油,为大量的新型化学添加剂对沥青质沉淀的抑制能力进行了检测。低相对分子质量的乙氧基壬基苯酚、植物油(椰子精华油、甜杏仁油、苦油树油、檀木油)以及有机酸(亚油酸、辛酸和棕榈酸)对沥青质沉淀的抑制最有效。评价了一些添加剂在脂肪族溶剂中对两种沥青质沉积物的溶解能力。十二烷基苯磺酸盐表现出明显的增溶作用,证实了本技术中酸碱相互作用的重要性。结果显示,脂肪族溶剂中沥青质的溶解/分散机理与原油中沥青质沉淀的抑制机理截然不同。
Asphaltene and colloids, the heavier crude oil, cause many serious problems in the production of crude oil, including the formation of organic deposits in reservoirs, oil wells and pipeline equipment, greatly increasing the cost of production operations. Asphaltene properties in crude oil are complex and vary with temperature, pressure and composition of crude oil, which can lead to the deposition of asphaltene components during the production process. The solution is mechanical removal of deposits, solvent rinsing and disposal with dispersants. The use of soluble amphoteric oils provides the most economical and practical solution to sediment disposal. In this study, three Brazilian crude oils were used to test the inhibition of asphaltene precipitation for a large number of new chemical additives. Low relative molecular weight ethoxylated nonylphenols, vegetable oils (coconut oil, sweet almond oil, bitter oil, sandalwood oil) and the inhibition of asphaltene precipitation by organic acids (linoleic acid, caprylic acid and palmitic acid) The most effective. Some of the additives were evaluated for their ability to dissolve both asphaltene deposits in aliphatic solvents. Dodecylbenzene sulfonate showed a significant solubilization effect, confirming the importance of the acid-base interaction in the present technology. The results show that the mechanism of dissolution / dispersion of asphaltenes in aliphatic solvents is quite different from that of asphaltene precipitation in crude oil.