癌性腹水,是指原发癌或复发癌或转移癌广泛地扩散、侵犯了腹腔脏器和/或壁层腹膜而言。膈肌下腹腔、大网膜、肠系膜、后腹膜Douglas窝等处均有大小不等、散在的结节。严重者大网膜可纠集成一团、小肠袢亦可向其系膜根部纠缩成团,沉浮于腹水中。成因:正常状态下,有大量体液从肠系膜的微血管渗出,经组织间隙,漏入腹腔内。但很快由淋巴管网吸收又回流入血液中。近年来,应用闪烁技术研究并证明,癌症广泛转移后,腹腔内液体产生增加、吸收障碍。此乃因癌细胞的某些化学介质,如奎宁、组织胺、前列腺素E_2和蛋白酶等,引起腹腔内微血管通透性增强。另一方面,晚期癌症病人多并发低蛋白血症、血浆胶体渗透压降低,组织液再吸收减少。加之,癌肿广泛浸润、转移扩散,压迫淋巴管网,尤其膈肌下 Cancerous ascites refers to the widespread spread of primary or recurrent cancer or metastatic cancer, invading abdominal organs and/or parietal peritoneum. Diaphragm lower abdominal cavity, omentum, mesentery, posterior peritoneum Douglas nest, etc., have different sizes, scattered nodules. In severe cases, the omentum can be integrated into a group, and the small intestine can also be crushed into the mesenteric roots, floating in the ascites. Causes: Under normal conditions, a large amount of body fluid leaks from the microvascula of the mesentery and leaks into the abdominal cavity through the interstitial space. But soon absorbed by the lymphatic network and back into the blood. In recent years, scintillation techniques have been used to study and prove that, after extensive cancer metastasis, intra-abdominal fluid production increases and malabsorption occurs. This is due to certain chemical mediators of cancer cells, such as quinine, histamine, prostaglandin E2, and proteases, which cause intra-abdominal microvascular permeability enhancement. On the other hand, patients with advanced cancer have multiple hypoproteinemia, reduced plasma colloid osmotic pressure, and decreased tissue fluid reabsorption. In addition, cancer is extensively infiltrated, metastasized and spread, and the lymphatic network is oppressed, especially under the diaphragm.