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本文提出了分析作物种子数量性状世代平均数的遗传模型。该模型包括了基因型效应（Ｇ）和基因型×环境互作效应（ＧＥ）。基因型效应（Ｇ）可以分解为种子直接遗传效应（Ｇ０）、细胞质遗传效应（Ｇ）和母体植株遗传效应（Ｇｍ）。种子直接遗传效应（Ｇ０）进一步被分解为直接加性（Ａ）和直接显性（Ｄ）遗传分量。母体植株遗传效应（Ｇｍ）则可被分解为母体加性（Ａｍ）、母体显性（Ｄｍ）遗传分量。基因型×环境互作效应（ＧＥ）也可作相应的分解，由种子直接遗传效应与环境效应的互作（Ｇ０Ｅ）、细胞质遗传效应与环境效应的互作（ＣＥ）和母体植株遗传效应与环境效应的互作（ＧｍＥ）用所组成。Ｇ０Ｅ可进一步被分解为直接加性×环境互作效应（ＡＥ）和直接显性×环境互作效应（ＤＥ）遗传分量。ＧｍＥ则可被分解为母体加性×环境互作效应（ＡｍＥ）、母体显性×环境互作效应（ＤｍＥ）遗传分量。列出了亲本及其Ｆ１、Ｆ２和回交世代的遗传分量表达式。只需采用一组随机亲本及其正反交Ｆ１、Ｆ２的世代平均数，便可用该模型对种子数量性状进行有效的分析。用ＭＩＮＱＵＥ（０／１）法可以无偏地估算该模型中的各项遗传方差和协方差分量，以及成对性状的各项遗传协方差分量。对该模型中的随机遗传效?
This paper presents a genetic model that analyzes the average number of generations of crop seed traits. The model includes genotype effect (G) and genotype × environment interaction effect (GE). Genotype effect (G) can be decomposed into direct genetic effect (G0), cytoplasmic genetic effect (G) and maternal plant genetic effect (Gm). The direct genetic effect of seeds (G0) is further decomposed into direct additive (A) and direct dominant (D) genetic components. Maternal plant genetic effects (Gm) can be decomposed into maternal additive (Am), maternal dominance (Dm) genetic components. Genotype × environment interaction effect (GE) can also be decomposed accordingly, which includes the interaction between direct genetic and environmental effects of seeds (G0E), the interaction between cytoplasmic and environmental effects and the genetic effects of maternal plants and Environmental effects of interaction (GmE) with the composition. G0E can be further decomposed into direct additive × environmental interaction effects (AE) and direct explicit × environment interaction effects (DE) genetic components. GmE can be decomposed into maternal additive × environmental interaction effects (AmE), maternal explicit × environmental interaction effects (DmE) genetic components. The parental and F1, F2 and backcross generation genetic component expressions are listed. Using only a set of random parents and their average generations of reciprocal crosses F1 and F2, the model can be used to effectively analyze seed quantitative traits. Using the MINQUE (0/1) method, the genetic variance and covariance components of the model and the genetic covariance components of the paired traits can be estimated unbiasedly. The model of random genetic effects?