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目的分析大连地区企业职业病危害因素的监测情况,为相关部门进行职业健康监管提供科学依据。方法收集2008—2012年大连地区企业工作场所中职业病危害因素监测结果的数据,比较不同种类的职业病危害因素的监测合格率情况。结果各类有害因素中,粉尘、化学因素和物理因素总合格率分别为93.8%、97.9%、82.2%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=635.144,P<0.01)。化学因素中,有机毒物合格率最低(96.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=44.387,P<0.01)。物理因素监测以噪声和高温为主。噪声占物理因素总监测点数的比例最大(89.3%),总合格率为81.7%。高温和其他物理因素监测总合格率分别为84.7%和89.9%。物理因素中,噪声监测合格率最低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.858,P<0.01)。结论大连地区企业物理因素监测总合格率最低,其中噪声监测合格率低是主要原因,该市应加强对企业噪声岗位的治理和防护措施的落实,做好职业卫生监管工作。
Objective To analyze the monitoring of occupational hazards in enterprises in Dalian and provide scientific evidences for the occupational health supervision of relevant departments. Methods The data of monitoring results of occupational hazards in the workplace of enterprises in Dalian from 2008 to 2012 were collected and the compliance rates of different types of occupational hazards were compared. Results Among all kinds of harmful factors, the total pass rates of dust, chemical and physical factors were 93.8%, 97.9% and 82.2%, respectively, with statistical significance (χ2 = 635.144, P <0.01). Chemical factors, the lowest pass rate of organic poison (96.5%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 44.387, P <0.01). Physical noise monitoring and high temperature-based. The noise accounted for the largest proportion of physical factors monitoring points (89.3%), with a total pass rate of 81.7%. The total qualified rate of high temperature and other physical factors monitoring was 84.7% and 89.9% respectively. Physical factors, the lowest noise monitoring rate, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 9.858, P <0.01). Conclusion The total qualified rate of physical factors in enterprises in Dalian is the lowest, among which the low qualified rate of noise monitoring is the main reason. The city should strengthen the management of noise positions and the implementation of protective measures in the city and do a good job in occupational health supervision.