艾滋病毒HIV—1可侵入中枢神经,造成痴呆、失明等症状。病毒的蛋白外衣带有gp120蛋白质。这蛋白质可造成哺乳动物的中枢神经损伤,即使非感染性的病毒,其gp120蛋白也同样能损伤中枢神经。新近用啮齿类动物的视网膜神经节细胞神经元和海马神经元进行体外试验。gp120蛋白质在损伤神经细胞的同时,也增加细胞内的钙离子浓度,这钙离子的增多,可能与艾滋病毒的神经毒性有关,包括影响兴奋性氨基酸与N-甲基-D-天冬氨 HIV-1 can invade the central nervous system, causing dementia, blindness and other symptoms. The viral protein coat carries the gp120 protein. This protein causes damage to the central nervous system of mammals. Even non-infectious viruses, the gp120 protein can damage the central nervous system. In vitro rodent retinal ganglion neurons and hippocampal neurons were recently tested in vitro. The gp120 protein also increases the intracellular calcium concentration while damaging nerve cells. The increase of calcium ion may be related to the neurotoxicity of HIV, including the effects of excitatory amino acids and N-methyl-D-aspartate