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目的了解学龄前儿童感觉统合失调(SPD)状况及其与周围生活环境因素的相关性,为制定早期干预措施提供依据。方法以青岛市黄岛区4所幼儿园720名学龄前儿童为调查对象,采用自行设计调查问卷收集儿童的生活环境情况,同时填写感觉统合量表。结果儿童SPD发生率为36.94%。多因素分析结果显示,每天居室累计开窗通风时间<1 h的儿童SPD的风险高于>4 h的儿童(OR=1.94,95%CI=1.05~3.57),报道窗玻璃湿气的儿童SPD发生风险升高(OR=1.94,95%CI=1.19~3.14),不注意手部卫生的儿童SPD的风险升高(OR=2.01,95%CI=1.16~3.47),经常有喘鸣儿童SPD风险高于健康儿童(OR=3.67,95%CI=1.66~8.14),差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。另外,分娩时父母的年龄及父母的养育方法均表现出了与SPD的关联性。结论学龄前儿童生活环境中的化学物质暴露、湿度及父母的教养方式均与感觉统合失调具有关联性。
Objective To understand the relationship between sensory integration disorders (SPD) and environmental factors in preschool children and to provide basis for making early interventions. Methods A total of 720 preschool children from 4 kindergartens in Huangdao District of Qingdao City were selected as research objects. A questionnaire was designed to collect the living environment of children and to complete the scale of sensory integration. Results The incidence of SPD in children was 36.94%. Multivariate analysis showed that the daily SPD risk of children with open window ventilation <1 h per day was higher than that of children> 4 h (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.05 ~ 3.57), and the SPD of children with window moisture (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.19-3.14), and increased risk of hand SPD in children who did not pay attention to hand hygiene (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.16-3.47) The risk was higher than that of healthy children (OR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.66 ~ 8.14), the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). In addition, the age at delivery and parental rearing methods showed correlation with SPD. Conclusion The exposure of preschool children to living environment, humidity and parental rearing patterns are all associated with sensory integration disorder.