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青花菜是一种重要的十字花科蔬菜作物,具有良好的抗癌功效。随着青花菜栽培面积的不断扩大和抗癌药物的开发,对青花菜种子的需求量也不断增加。利用雄性不育系生产青花菜F1杂交种子是其杂种优势利用的重要途径,但常用的细胞质雄性不育系在生产中存在前期死蕾较重、花蜜量少和种子产量不高等问题。本课题组用优良的青花菜自交系为父本,以甘蓝显性细胞核雄性不育材料79-399-3和细胞质不育材料OguraCMSR3629为不育源,通过回交转育的方法获得了多个青花菜显性细胞核雄性不育系和细胞质不育系,为了进一步有效利用其青花菜雄性不育系,寻求更好的不育源。本研究以青花菜高代自交系(保持系)8554、8590、93219及由其经多代回交转育而成的两类雄性不育系为试材,对其死蕾数、花器官形态和蜜蜂访花情况进行了比较研究。结果表明,在花蕾长、花蕾直径、单枝死蕾数、花冠直径、雄蕊长、花瓣长、花药长、蜜蜂访花次数、来访蜜蜂数及访花时间等方面,经相同自交系转育而成的显性细胞核雄性不育系(DGMS)与细胞质雄性不育系(CMS)间的差异有统计学意义,总体表现为DGMS优于CMS。
Broccoli is an important cruciferous vegetable crop with good anti-cancer effects. With the growing area of broccoli cultivation and the development of anti-cancer drugs, the demand for broccoli seeds is also increasing. The production of F1 hybrid broccoli seeds by male sterile lines is an important way to utilize their heterosis. However, common cytoplasmic male sterile lines have the problems of heavier dead buds, less nectar and lower seed yield in the production. Our research team used the excellent inbred line of broccoli as the male parent, with the dominant male sterile line 79-399-3 and the cytoplasmic male sterile line OguraCMSR3629 as male sterile sources, we obtained more by backcrossing method A dominant male sterile line and cytoplasmic male sterile line of broccoli, in order to further utilize their male sterile lines of broccoli to seek a better sterile source. In this study, the high generation of inbred lines of broccoli (maintainer lines) 8554, 8590, 93219 and its two generations of male sterile lines derived from multiple generations of backcrossing were used as materials. The numbers of dead buds, Morphology and bee visiting flowers were compared. The results showed that in the same inbred lines in the aspects of length of buds, diameter of buds, number of dead buds per plant, corolla diameter, length of stamens, length of petals, length of anthers, number of visiting flowers, number of visiting bees and visiting time The difference between DGMS and CMS was statistically significant. The overall performance of DGMS was better than that of CMS.