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文化作为社群的非遗传性记忆,其建构具有选择性,文化遗忘就是它的一个内在机制。根据洛特曼的符号学分类法,文化的遗忘分为文本遗忘、规则遗忘以及代码遗忘。遗忘的主要功能是文化记忆的形成与保持,具体表现在三个方面:文化身份的确立,关涉新的文本、规则、代码的融入;文化外部功能,关涉对“非文化”与“反文化”的作用,存在于文化互动与扩张的过程;文化内部功能,关涉对旧文化记忆与过去的处理,存在于特定文化的内部变迁过程。
As a non-hereditary memory of the community, culture is selective in its construction. Cultural forgetting is one of its intrinsic mechanisms. According to Lotman’s semiotics classification, cultural forgetting is divided into text forgetting, rule forgetting and code forgetting. The main function of forgetting is the formation and maintenance of cultural memory, which is manifested in three aspects: the establishment of cultural identity, the involvement of new texts, rules and codes; the external function of culture, which is related to the “non-cultural” and “ Anti-culture ”exists in the process of cultural interaction and expansion; the internal functions of culture are related to the memory of the old culture and the past, and exist in the internal changes of the specific culture.