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Background Apolipoprotein (apo) A-Ⅴ is a novel member of the apolipoprotein cluster involved in triacylglycerol (TG) homeostasis.It has reported that APOA5 gene polymorphisms is correlated with arteriosclerotic diseases.However,This association is unknown on Chinese patients with atherosclerotic cerebral infarction.The present study aimed to elucidate the relationship of APOA5-l131T ＞ C and arteriosclerotic cerebral infarction (ACI) as well as the levels of serum lipids.Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragments length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) analysis,enzymatic and immunoturbidimetry methods were used to measure1131T ＞ C genotype,allele frequency as well as plasma lipid level of 90 ACI patients and 221 healthy subjects of Han Chinese.Results In ACI group,the level of TG in allele C carriers was higher than that of non-C carriers (P ＜ 0.05).The frequency of allele C in ACI group was higher than in healthy group (x2 =5.568,P =0.018).Except sex,age and BMI,the levels of total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),APOA1 and APOB in ACI group distinctively were higher than those in healthy group.Conclusion The APOA5-1131 allele C is associated with the high level of TG in ACI patients,which is probably linked with ACI danger of Chinese Han.