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中东欧国家指原东欧国家。东欧是一个政治概念,第二次世界大战后形成了美苏两大阵营,简称为东、西方。根据《雅尔塔协定》,受苏联控制的欧洲国家,包括波兰、匈牙利、捷克斯洛伐克、南斯拉夫、民主德国、阿尔巴尼亚、保加利亚、罗马尼亚等国家被称为东欧国家。1990年前后的政治剧变,东欧的概念已不再使用,这些国家改称为“中东欧国家”。尽管中东欧国家试图仿照西方政党政治的模式建立多党制和议会民主制,但受历史和社会环境的影响,其转型过程中建立的政党政治有自己显著的特点。一、党派林立的多党制 1989年以前,东欧国家基本上是一党制。1989年波兰、匈牙利等国执政党先后通过了关于“政治多元化”、“工会多元化”、“实行多党制基础上的议会民主”等决定,中东欧国家在极短的
Central and Eastern European countries refer to the former Eastern European countries. Eastern Europe is a political concept. After the Second World War, the two major camps of the United States and the Soviet Union were formed, referred to as the East and the West for short. According to the Yalta Agreement, European countries controlled by the Soviet Union, including Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Democratic Germany, Albania, Bulgaria and Romania are called Eastern European countries. The political drastic changes around 1990 and the notion of Eastern Europe are no longer used. These countries are renamed as “Central and Eastern European countries.” Although Central and Eastern European countries try to establish multi-party and parliamentary democrats modeled on western political party politics, they have their own distinct characteristics under the influence of history and social environment. First, a multi-party party with many parties Before 1989, Eastern European countries were basically one-party systems. In 1989, the ruling parties in Poland, Hungary and other countries successively passed the decisions on “political pluralism”, “trade union diversification” and “parliamentary democracy based on multi-party system.” In the extremely short