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目的了解麻城市手足口病的流行特征及变化趋势,为进一步采取科学有效的防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对2008—2012年麻城市手足口病疫情监测资料进行统计分析。结果 2008—2012年麻城市共报告手足口病4 512例,年均发病率为78.66/10万,各年发病率分别为28.56/10万、31.05/10万、46.07/10万、176.71/10万、111.14/10万。不同地区发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),年均发病率较高的乡镇依次为开发区(144.51/10万)、盐田河镇(113.16/10万)、中馆驿镇(109.91/10万)、龙池办事处(109.78/10万)。发病年龄主要集中在0~5岁,占发病总数的95.08%(4 290/4 512);男性2 999例,女性1 513例,男女性别比为1.98∶1;职业以散居儿童为主(3 661例,81.14%)。发病有明显的季节性特点,2008—2010年发病高峰为4—7月(889例,73.29%),2011—2012年有2个发病高峰,4—7月为小高峰(756例,22.92%),10—12月为主高峰(2 224例,67.41%)。结论麻城市手足口病存在明显的时间、空间和人群聚集性。加强对家长的健康教育及幼儿园的管理对于控制手足口病的传播意义重大。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and changes of hand-foot-mouth disease in Macheng City and provide evidence for further scientific and effective prevention and control measures. Methods A descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the monitoring data of HFMD in Macheng from 2008 to 2012. Results A total of 4 512 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported in Macheng City from 2008 to 2012, with an average annual incidence rate of 78.66 / 100 000, with annual incidence of 28.56 / 100000, 31.05 / 100000, 46.07 / 100000, 176.71 / 10 Million, 111.14 / 100000. The incidence rates in different regions were significantly different (P <0.01). The towns with the highest annual average incidence were: Development Zone (144.51 / 100,000), Yantianhe Town (113.16 / 100,000), Zhongguanyi Town (109.91 / 100,000), Longchi office (109.78 / 100,000). The age of onset was mainly between 0 and 5 years, accounting for 95.08% (4 290/4 512) of the total number of cases. There were 2 999 males and 1 513 females with a male / female ratio of 1.98: 1. 661 cases, 81.14%). The onset of the disease was obviously seasonal. The peak incidence was from April to July (889 cases, 73.29%) in 2008-2010. There were two peak incidences in 2011-2012 and small peak in April-July (756 cases, 22.92% ), The main peak from October to December (224 224 cases, 67.41%). Conclusion Macheng hand-foot-mouth disease has obvious time, space and crowd aggregation. Strengthening parental health education and kindergarten management is of great importance in controlling the spread of HFMD.