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采用模拟土柱方法,研究了含氯肥料施入盐渍化土壤后Cl-的淋溶及残留特点,并通过田间试验研究了不同程度盐渍化土壤施用硫酸钾和氯化钾后对棉花产量及对土壤盐分、Cl-残留的影响。模拟试验结果表明,施入土壤中的Cl-很容易被淋洗掉,在不考虑返盐的情况下,每年正常降雨量能够将40 cm土层中氯离子淋洗掉的数量可高达施肥带入量的24~74.7倍。田间试验结果表明,在速效钾含量332 mg/kg的土壤上,棉花施用2种钾肥均未表现出明显的增产效果,而在速效钾含量189.5 mg/kg的土壤上,棉花施用2种钾肥增产效果都显著。在轻度盐渍化土壤上,施用硫酸钾和氯化钾的产量差异不显著,但在中度以上盐渍化土壤上,硫酸钾的增产效果显著高于氯化钾。在氯化钾施用量较大的情况下,20~40 cm土层中的盐分和氯离子含量明显增加。
The simulated soil column method was used to study the leaching and residual characteristics of Cl- after the chlorinated fertilizers were applied to salinized soils. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of different concentrations of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride on cotton yield And the impact of soil salinity, Cl-residue. The simulation results show that Cl- applied to the soil can be easily washed away. Without considering the return of salt, the amount of chloride ion rinsing in the 40 cm soil layer can be as high as normal fertilization zone Into the amount of 24 ~ 74.7 times. The results of field experiments showed that no significant increase in yield was observed with two K fertilizers applied to cotton with 332 mg / kg available K, whereas two K fertilizers increased with cotton yield at 189.5 mg / kg K The effect is significant. The yield of potassium sulphate and potassium chloride was not significantly different in mild salinized soil, but the yield of potassium sulphate was obviously higher than that of potassium chloride in medium salinized soil. Under the condition of large amount of potassium chloride, the contents of chloride and chloride in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer increased obviously.