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贵州煤炭丰富,开采活跃。据统计,贵州已探明的煤炭储量约500亿t,2005年有煤矿2143对,其中乡镇小煤矿1700多对。煤矿开采占压土地普遍,水土流失严重,其中,仅煤矿整合、技改和新建占压土地和引起水土流失面积约达250～300km~2,新增水土流失量达100万t以上;特别是煤矿建设施工引起的水土流失最为严重,平均侵蚀模数大多高于7 500 t/a·km~2,个别地段有的甚至大于15000 t/a·km~2。贵州煤矿整合新建过程中多存在“三同时”制度落实不到位、防治责任范围界定不合理、防治措施覆盖不够、树种选择不当、水土流失防治技术手段落后、水保投入不足等问题。为此,今后的井采煤矿区水土流失防治应与区域水土保持有机结合,加强岩溶山区环境与矿山水土流失关系研究,增强防治措施的科学性。同时,在水土流失方案编制时应适当扩大防治责任范围和提高预算单价。
Guizhou is rich in coal and is active in mining. According to statistics, Guizhou has proven reserves of about 50 billion tons of coal in 2005, 2143 pairs of coal mines, of which more than 1,700 pairs of small townships. Coal mining occupies a large area of common land and serious soil erosion, of which only the area of coal mine consolidation, technological renovation, new land occupation and soil erosion is about 250 ~ 300km ~ 2, and the amount of soil and water loss newly increased to over 1 million t. In particular, The soil erosion caused by the construction of coal mines is the most serious. The average erosion modulus is mostly higher than 7 500 t / a · km ~ 2 and some even larger than 15000 t / a · km ~ 2. There are many problems in Guizhou coal mine consolidation and new construction, such as the inadequate implementation of “three simultaneous” system, unreasonable definition of prevention and control coverage, inadequate coverage of prevention and treatment measures, improper selection of tree species, backward techniques of soil and water conservation prevention and control and lack of input in water and soil conservation. Therefore, the future prevention and control of soil erosion in coal mining areas should be organically integrated with regional soil and water conservation, strengthen the relationship between the environment of karst mountainous areas and the soil erosion in mines, and enhance the scientificity of prevention and control measures. At the same time, we should appropriately expand the scope of prevention and control and raise the budget unit price in the preparation of soil and water loss plans.