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在野外地質勘測工作中,常能看到岩石因感受外力作用而發生斷裂。如果岩石發生斷裂、沿斷裂面兩側的岩石、發生相對的位移,則稱之为斷層,如果岩石雖经斷裂、但沿斷裂面沒有發生顯著的位移,通常稱为節理。節理的大小不一,性質亦不相同。有的很短、有的延展達數十公尺以上,有的裂縫寬大、有的裂縫緊閉,有的節理面光滑、有的參差不齊。根據不同的因素,節理的幾何分類方法很多,
In the field of geological survey work, you can often see the rock because of the external force of the fracture occurred. If the rock is broken, along the relative displacement of rocks on both sides of the fracture surface, it is called a fault. If the rock is broken, no significant displacement along the fracture surface occurs, which is usually called as joint. Joints of different sizes, the nature is not the same. Some are very short, some stretching up to tens of meters or more, some cracks wide, some cracks tight, and some joints smooth, and some uneven. According to different factors, there are many geometric classification methods of joints,