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日本在山区建设高速铁路和公路,隧道长度占铁路、公路全线长度的比例很大。为了降低修建隧道的造价,日本隧道协会专设委员会着手研究在条件许可时采用喷混凝土层作为永久支护而省略二次混凝土衬
Japan builds high-speed railways and highways in mountainous areas. The length of the tunnels occupies a large proportion of the total length of the railway and the highway. In order to reduce the cost of constructing a tunnel, the Japan Tunnel Association’s special committee started to study the use of shotcrete layer as a permanent support and omit the secondary concrete lining when conditions permit