目的　探讨雌激素对神经系统的作用 ,研究雌激素 β受体 (ER β)免疫阳性细胞在雌性大鼠脑内的分布。　方法　应用硫酸镍铵增强显色的免疫组织化学技术。　结果　ER β免疫阳性物质主要位于神经元的细胞核内。最强的免疫阳性信号见于前嗅核、大脑皮质、小脑浦肯野细胞、斜角带垂直部、前庭上核、梨状内核、杏仁外侧核、红核和蓝斑 ;中等强度的染色见于隔内侧核、杏仁皮质后核、海马CA3、CA4区、齿状回、终纹床核、视上核等部位 ;较弱的阳性细胞见于下丘脑核团、屏状核、动眼神经核以及杏仁复合体的部分核团。　结论　雌激素 β受体免疫阳性神经元在成年雌性大鼠脑组织内有较广泛的分布 ,可能参与了雌激素对多种脑功能如学习记忆等的调控 Objective To explore the effect of estrogen on the nervous system and to study the distribution of estrogen receptor β (ER β) immunoreactive cells in the brain of female rats. Methods Ammonium sulfate was used to enhance the color of immunohistochemistry. Results ER β immunoreactive substances mainly located in the nucleus of neurons. The strongest immunopositive signals were found in the former olfactory nuclei, cerebral cortex, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, vertical portions of the bevel, vestibular nucleus, piriform nucleus, lateral almond nucleus, red nucleus and locus coeruleus; Medial nucleus, posterior nucleus of apricot cortex, hippocampal CA3, CA4 area, dentate gyrus, epidermis nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. Weak positive cells were found in nucleus of hypothalamus, platy nucleus, oculomotor nucleus and almond Part of the complex nuclear. Conclusion The estrogen receptor β immunoreactive neurons are widely distributed in adult female rat brain and may be involved in the regulation of many brain functions such as learning and memory by estrogen