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四、怎样提高语言的使用效率? “信息”这一概念,既包含具体的、实质性的内容,例如事实、观点等等,也包含虽然没有用语词表达出来但受信者能够感受到的潜信息。前者我们称之为“明示信息”,后者称为“隐含信息”。在这里,特别要指出感情也是社会交际的一种极为有效的信息,有时是连语言也无法表达的信息(即所谓“此时无声胜有声”的境界).感情因素在潜信息传递中起着特别重要的作用,语言的使用要想得到最佳效能和反应,必须注意感情这个因素.上一节所谈“力求用最少的语言符号来传递尽可能多的信息”,是我们使用语言的原则,是修辞的全部目标,也是我们研究语言使用效率的出发点。
Fourth, how to improve the efficiency of the use of language? The concept of “information” includes both concrete and substantive content such as facts, opinions and so on, as well as latent information that can be perceived by the trusted person even though it is not expressed . The former we call “explicit information”, which is called “hidden information.” Here, it is especially important to point out that emotion is also an extremely effective message in social communication, and sometimes it is information that can not be expressed even in words (ie, the state of “silent at this time”). Particularly important is the use of language in order to get the best performance and response, we must pay attention to the emotional factors of the previous section, “strive to use the least number of language symbols to transmit as much information” is our use of language principles, Is the whole goal of rhetoric, but also our starting point for the study of language use efficiency.